What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is all the living organisms and the non-living things in a specific place, and the relationships between them. The biotope is a physical place. It includes non-living things, like water, air, soil, rocks, sunlight and temperature. The biocoenosis is all of the living organisms, such as plants, animals and other organisms. It includes different species, which are groups of living organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.
What is a balanced ecosystem?
All the living organisms in the biocoenosis depend on each other. They also depend on the biotope. For an ecosystem to work efficiently, these relationships must be in balance.
A balanced ecosystem can be affected by natural disasters or human intervention.
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| Human intervention |
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| A natural disaster |
What is a food chain?
A food chain shows the feeding relationships between living organisms.
The food chain helps to keep an ecosystem in balance. Three types of living organisms make up the food chain.
Producers make their own food through photosynthesis. Algae and plants are producers.
Consumers feed on other living organisms. Herbivores feed on producers. Carnivores feed on other consumers. Omnivores feed on producers, consumers and decomposers.
Decomposers feed on the remains of other living organisms. They transform the remains into substances like water, minerals and carbon dioxide. These substances go back into the ecosystem and are used by the producers.
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